Essay on Describe and Analyse the External Environment of...

The external environment is the external context within which an organisation exists and operates.1 One of the ways in which the external environment can be analysed is by assessing the impact of politics, the economy, social factors and technological factors (P.E.S.T. analysis). The organisations are affected either generally or immediately by the external environment. The immediate factors, also referred to as the operational environment, include aspects such as suppliers, financial institutions, customers and labour markets. The general features, or the contextual environment, comprise of the economic, political, legal and technological influences, for example. The political environment has an affect on businesses because†¦show more content†¦The government has to control inflation because unemployment can be caused, because firms have to reduce costs and reducing staff is an easy way to do this and effective for luxury good companies because demand will be less so theref ore they will not have to produce as much, hence not as many staff will be required. Unemployment therefore needs reducing because as ‘Phillips Curve suggests inflation is higher when unemployment is high. International trade is affected because foreign countries will receive a less favourable exchange rate and they may therefore reduce trade with UK companies, which again affects their profits. The government can use contractionary policy to reduce inflation and this reduces demand. They can increase taxation, reduce government spending or do both. 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Plato and Aristotle´s Philosophy of Perfecting Society

Both Plato and Aristotle have an extensive idea on who should rule a state, they both had an idea on how to improve existing societies during their lifetimes. Plato’s main argument on why philosophers were fit to be rulers was because they had better education. This aspect was based on four virtues which are wisdom, courage, moderation and justice. Justice has to do with harmony that results when everyone is actively engaged in fulfilling his role and does not meddle with that of others. Plato sought to cure the afflictions of both human society and human personality, which creates the conclusion that every citizen in a society has a functional roles to fulfill, including the guardians which is the logical reason to rule because they are deemed fit. Plato’s utopia consists of three distinct hereditary class system. The guardian; ruling and non ruling guardians, The non rulers; civil servants and society’s policy makers, Auxiliaries; soldiers and minor civil serv ants. Aristotle, unlike Plato, he is not concerned with perfecting society. All he wants to achieve is improving the existing one. He wants the society to reach the best possible system that could be attainable through the many ruling. This essay will argue the fact that both philosophers; Plato and Aristotle have different political view. It will transcend on Plato’s view of the wise and the few ruling; it will transcend on Aristotle’s view of the many to rule the affairs of a state. In book IV of The RepublicShow MoreRelatedPlato s Interpretation Of Utopia1630 Words   |  7 PagesPlato and Aristotle shared many differences despite also sharing a teacher student relationship. This essay will strive to establish their understandings of reason and the role reason plays in their comprehensions of politics, differentiating between the kinds of reason and politics produced as a result. Plato is regarded as the first writer of political philosophy while Aristotle is recognised as the first political scientist. Plato’s interpretation of Utopia is founded upon the existence of threeRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Views On Political Philosophy Essay3649 Words   |  15 Pagesâ€Å"Political Philosophy† is a normative study of state, government, relationships between individual and communities, laws, rights and justice. It depends on the philosophers that can be entangled with ethics, economics and also metaphysics. Political thinkers are the pioneers of â€Å"Modern Politics† in the world. The first serious political thinkers emerged in Greece. Plato and Aristotle are two great philosophers of ancient Greece. Plato in his book â€Å"The Republic† delivers the concept of utopian society whichRead MoreComparing Dante And Aquinas On Happiness1377 Words   |  6 PagesLive a Diversified Life For Dante and Aquinas, happiness does not only compose a useful life on earth but also in Heaven. Dante and Aquinas were sure that continued use of Aristotle virtues would not land any of their followers in heaven. To increase chances of one entering heaven, Dante and Aquinas developed proposed the incorporation of hope, faith, and charity into the daily virtues that people possess. According to Dante and Aquinas, possession of virtues like good temper and judgement couldRead More The History of Art Essay4153 Words   |  17 Pagesceremonies of some type. Plato believed art to be a form of communication on a metaphysical level. The modern western view of art appears to support his supposition in this regard. However, his student Aristotle felt that art was a reflection and invocation derived from the scientific forms of nature. Clearly, his ideology does not fit into the Ancient World’s artistic representations. As art evolves throughout history it intersects with Aristotle’s philosophy although not for many centuries

Aggression Management Communication Framework

Question: Discuss about the Aggression Managementfor Communication Framework. Answer: Introduction Behavioural Communicationcan be described as the psychological construct that has an influence in differences exhibited by individuals when expressing their thoughts, needs, or feelings. More specifically, behavioural communication refers to the tendency of people to express their thoughts, needs, and feelings through behavioural impacts or indirect messages (Ivanov Werner, 2010). Any behaviour or the absence of it when it is expected, may be perceived as being communicative if its intention is to convey a message. The behavioural communication construct is viewed as an individual differences variable. What this means is that some people tend to engage in behavioural communication more than others and do so unconsciously or consciously inspite of the them having the option of using verbal communication(Ivanov et al., 2010)This paper will look at aggression management; the characteristics of aggressive communicators; and strategies of handling intimidating, controlling, and aggressiv e peoples. The case scenario 1 is used in discussing the framework Communication Framework The communication framework that will be discussed in this paper is aggression management in relation to case scenario 1. This framework is appropriate as it offers strategies that the nurse can use in dealing with the aggressive relative. Ni (2014) offers some strategies that a person can utilize in handling an intimidating, controlling, and aggressive person. The strategies proposed include maintaining composure, keeping options open and maintaining one's distance, depersonalizing and shifting from being reactive to proactive, knowing one's fundamental human rights, putting the spotlight on the aggressor to reclaim one's power, displaying superior composure, and setting consequences to compel the aggressor to cooperate (Ni, 2014). In this scenario however some of the negative strategies are inapplicable for example , displaying superior composure, and setting consequences to compel the aggressor to cooperate. By avoiding these negative strategies, the nurse will be able to put at b ay any further confrontations and aggressive behaviour and the necessary communication will be made with regard to the young man's health status and what the hospital staffs is doing about it. Scenario Analysis In the scenario, a young man is brought to the ED having sustained serious head injuries from a fall. The patient goes into a coma and is on his way to be transferred to the ICU. It is during that time that the nurse goes to inform the patient's relatives of his health status and meets a couple who she presumes to be the siblings to the patient. The relatives become aggressive and demand to be told why the hospital had not provided them with any information via phone about the patient's condition. They also invade the nurse's personal space and go ahead and poke her at the shoulder as they shout at her and talk rudely. This is a display of aggression which is described as behaviour that is harmful which is in violation of social conventions and includes deliberate intention to hurt something or someone. Aggression is sub categorized into two areas that are homogenous and which are founded on statistical analysis such as factor analysis. The two main sub types of aggression are referr ed to as covert and overt. Overt aggression is expressed outwardly and is the open acts of confrontation such a fighting physically, bullying, or verbal threats (Putallaz, Grimes, Foster,et al., 2007). On the other hand, as the name suggests, covert aggression is more surreptitious and hidden and includes acts such as arson, truancy, and stealing (Simon, 2010). In this case scenario, the relatives to the patient exhibits covert aggression as they invade the nurse's space and pokes her on the shoulder as he talks to her. The two sub categories of aggression can be classified further as either maladaptive or adaptive. Adaptive aggression is viewed as appropriate and occurs in the interest of protection of one's integrity or for the survival of an individual (Mind and culture, 2011). An example of an adaptive aggression would be a child who steals food out of hunger in order to eat, or a young person who engages in fights to protect his possession from being stolen by bullies. On the contrary, aggression that is maladaptive does not defend or protect an individual rather, this form of aggression occurs where social cues antecedents are lacking and takes place in various diverse contexts(Pappadopulos, E., Rosato, N. S., Correll, et al., 2011). The frequency, intensity, and duration that the aggressive behaviour takes place are also often disproportionate to the apparent cause of the aggression(Jensen, Builtelaar, Pandina et al., 2007). In this case scenario, the relatives are exhibiting maladaptive agg ression where their reaction to the situation is not in proportion to the apparent aggression. The reaction by the relatives is not in their own defense neither does it seek to protect them, rather, they become aggressive to relay a message which they could have done with alternative verbal communication. Social boundaries are violated by aggressive behavior (Healthline, 2016; Buckholtz, 2015). This is exemplified in the scenario when the relatives begin to poke the nurse's shoulder. The aggressive behavior can be secretive or obvious (Whitson,2013). The relatives make their aggression obvious by talking loudly, rudely, and invading the nurse's personal space. Aggression is a subject that is complex mainly because what one person perceives to be acceptable behavior in expressing frustration and anger may be contrary to another person's perception. The theory of frustration-aggression proposes that frustration drives aggression and infers that individuals will most likely respond with aggression to situations that hinder them from attaining their goals (Grinell, 2016). The relatives in this case scenario were frustrated at not getting what they considered sufficient information with regard to what happened to the patient, the patient's current health status, and any other relevant info rmation. Some of the emotional expressions of aggression include: feelings of powerlessness and frustration; impatience; anger; restlessness; hostility; anxiety or depression; and feelings of being upset(Lakeland Behavioral Health, 2015). The relatives were hostile, impatient, angry, and frustrated and expressed these emotions by talking loudly and rudely to the nurse in addition to getting physical with her. The downside of such aggressive behavior is that it leads to severed relationships as people tend to avoid confrontations with aggressive people. The relatives of the patient were talking loudly and were heard by others; the most likely thing that will happen is that the hospital staff will avoid any contact with them in an attempt to avoid any embarrassing situations arising. Effective Communication for Aggression management Three strategies will be most appropriate in this case scenario and which the nurse can apply effectively. The first is to maintain her composure and not get upset at the unwarranted aggression meted on her. Aggressive people tend to push people to the edge in an attempt to hurt and anger them to react (DeWall, Baumeister, Stillman et al., 2007). By so doing, an aggressive person will seek to take advantage of the recipient and exploit his/her weakness( Denson, Capper, Oaten al., 2011) .By being less reactive, the nurse will be able to use her better judgment in handling the situation. The nurse can count from 1 to 10 before giving an answer to any questions she is asked and avoid saying what she may later regret (Ni, 2014). If she does feel extremely upset, she can tell the relatives that she will get back to them with the answers they are seeking. The second strategy will be to keep her distance as well as options open (Ni, 2014). Time is of essence to the nurse and not all aggressive situations are worth spending unnecessary time over. Unless anything valuable or informative can be added to the conversation, the nurse should not spend any time than necessary with the patent's relatives. Keeping her distance and avoiding any form of engagement unless it is of highest priority should be the step the nurse takes. If the relatives persist in following her around after the initial meeting, the nurse can look for other options such as talking to her supervisor and explain the situation; her personal well-being should be the first priority. Once she is able to create the healthy distance, the third step will be to depersonalize herself and become proactive rather than reactive.(Ni, 2014). The nurse can do this by trying to view the situation from the patient' relatives' perspective. The nurse will inform the relatives of any notable or significant changes or information at the right time and do so in a brief but detailed way. By so doing, she will cover all important points in the short brief to minimize the chances of too many questions and heightened emotions by the relatives. Also, by giving the relatives only the necessary details in a timely manner, she will ease their anxiety and at the same time, the relatives will eventually learn that it is not necessary for them to continuously aggravate themselves or others at the hospital. Conclusion Every person is different but what is common among all people is communication. How one chooses to communicate a message is upon one's discretion. What one perceives to be acceptable behaviour in expressing themselves while communicating, can be viewed as being offensive to another person. While there are those that may choose to be passive communicators, there are those who are aggressive and often break social barriers. In this case scenario, the relatives of a young man demonstrated aggressive behaviour in expressing their frustration toward the hospital's information dissemination with regard to the young man's health status. This paper has offered some strategies that the nurse can adopt in dealing with aggressive people. The three strategies recommended include maintaining her composure and when she feels overwhelmed, she can excuse herself and inform the relatives that she will get back to them with more information. The second step is to keep her distance and options open. Sh e should consult with her supervisor if the situation gets out of hand. The final step is to depersonalize herself and become proactive; giving vital information at the right time to the relatives. References Buckholtz JW. (2015). Social norms, self-control,and the value of antisocial behavior. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. 3:1229. Denson TF, Capper MM, Oaten M, Friese M, Schofield TP.(2011). Self-control training decreases aggression in response to provocation in aggressive individuals. Journal of Research in Personality. 2011;45:2526. DeWall CN, Baumeister RF, Stillman TF, Gailliot MT.(2007). Violence restrained: Effects of self-regulation and its depletion on aggression. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2007;43(6276). Grinnell, R. (2016). Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis.Psych Central. Retrieved on April 19, 2017, from https://psychcentral.com/encyclopedia/frustration-aggression-hypothesis/ Healthline (2016). Aggressive Behaviour. (Retrieved on 19th April, 2017). https://www.healthline.com/health/aggressive-behavior#overview1 Ivanov, M Werner, P (2010) Behavioral communication: Individual differences in communication style. Personality and Individual Differences: 49(1), pp. 1923 Jensen P. Builtelaar J. Pandina G. Binder R. Reyes M. Management of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with atypical antipsychotics.Eur J Child Adolesc Psychiatry.2007a;16:104120. Lakeland Behavioral Health (2015) Aggression Effects, Signs Symptoms. (Retrieved on 19th April, 2017). https://www.lakelandbehavioralhealth.com/co-occurring/aggression/signs-effects-symptoms Mind and Culture (2011). Is aggression adaptive? (Retrieved on 19th April, 2017). https://mindandculture.wordpress.com/2011/01/23/is-aggression-adaptive/ Ni, P (2014). How to Successfully Handle Aggressive and Controlling People. (Retrieved on 19th April, 2017). https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/communication-success/201409/how-successfully-handle-aggressive-and-controlling-people Pappadopulos, E., Rosato, N. S., Correll, C. U., Findling, R. L., Lucas, J., Crystal, S., Jensen, P. S. (2011). Experts Recommendations for Treating Maladaptive Aggression in Youth.Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology,21(6), 505515. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2010.0128 Putallaz, M., Grimes, C. L., Foster, K. J., Kupersmidt, J. B., Coie, J. D., Dearing, K. (2007). Overt and Relational Aggression and Victimization: Multiple Perspectives within the School Setting.Journal of School Psychology,45(5), 523547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2007.05.003 Simon, G.K (2010). In sheep's clothing: understanding and dealing with manipulative people. A. J. Christopher Company .Arkansas, US. Whitson, S (2013) Confronting Passive Aggressive Behavior: Strategies to identify and change hidden hostility in a relationship. (Retrieved in 19th April, 2017). https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/passive-aggressive-diaries/201305/confronting-passive-aggressive-behavior